Ringworm Symptoms Treatments and Prevention

Ringworn or Tinea capitis is an infection of the scalp by mold-like fungi called dermatophytes. The scalp sores often have the appearance of an enlarging “ring”. The body normally hosts a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, mold-like fungi (dermatophytes) and yeast-like fungi (such as Candida). Some of these are useful to the body. Others may multiply rapidly and cause symptoms. Tinea capitis (also called Ringworm of the scalp) is a skin disorder that affects children almost exclusively. Ringworm is not a great name for this since there is no worm involved in this infection. Ringworm can be persistent and contagious, almost to the point of epidemic; however, it often disappears spontaneously at puberty. The fungi that cause tinea infections thrive in warm, moist areas. Susceptibility to tinea infection is increased by poor hygiene, prolonged wetness of the skin (such as from sweating), and minor skin or scalp injuries. Tinea infections are contagious and may be passed by direct contact with affected individuals or by contaminated items such as combs, hats, clothing, or similar surfaces. They can be transmitted by contact with pets that carry the fungus, for instance, cats.

Symptoms:
• Itching of the scalp, may be slight or absent
• • Skin (scalp) lesions that are:
• Round, scaly
• Gray, white or reddened scales
• Bald-appearing patches (hair is broken off, not actually missing)
• Possibly small black dots on the scalp
• Occasionally localized area of swelling, raw skin, or pus-filled lesion on the scalp (kerion)
• Itching occasionally
• Enlarged lymph nodes

Tests:
A Wood’s Lamp test may be performed to confirm the presence of a fungal scalp infection. A Fungal Culture may be obtained and analyzed for the presence of fungus. This test may take up to one month to be positive.

Treatment:
The goal of treatment is control of the infection. Unlike other fungal infections which can be treated topically, oral antifungal medications are required for a period of 4-6 weeks to eradicate the fungus. Often, we need to treat for longer periods of time. Keep the hair short and clean. A medicated shampoo, such as one containing selenium sulfide (e.g. Selsun), may reduce the spread of infection. Other family members and pets should be examined and treated if necessary. All combs and brushes should be sterilized (boiled) or replaced.

Expectations (Prognosis):
Ringworm or Tinea capitis may be extremely persistent, may resolve spontaneously at puberty, and may recur.

Complications

• Kerion: which is an inflammatory, boggy-textured mass filled with pus and broken hairs
• Permanent scar formation and hair loss (alopecia) on the scalp
• Without treatment, the infection may spread and last for months or years.

Calling The Office:
Call for an appointment with us if symptoms persist despite treatment.

Prevention:
Good general hygiene is important in the prevention and treatment of all tinea infections. The scalp should be shampooed regularly, especially after haircuts. If you used a barber or stylist, make sure that the combs and brushes are sanitized and not merely thrown into a drawer and then used. Avoid contact with infected pets or individuals. Headgear, combs, and similar items should not be exchanged unless they are first thoroughly cleaned and dried.